年夜学英语四级：最新新东方教学内部条记(二)
第2课
非谓语动词与自力主格：短语，句子（大概句子，短语）
1.当短语部分有自力主语，并且该主语不合于句子主语，这时短语构造称为自力主格。（它最清楚的特点是短语部分有自力的主语）。
自力主格的构造1：名词（代词）+分词 [现在分词、过往分词]
现在分词默示主动的，正在举行的活动；过往分词默示主动的，已经完成的活动。作题时要经由历程判定举措与名词（代词）之间的干系来确定是利用现在分词照旧过往分词。当举措由名词（代词）发出时利用现在分词，而名词（代词）是受动者时则用过往分词。
54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off打消； cancel vt.打消；四级中的考点便是现在分词和过往分词的区别。
自力主格的构造2：with +名词（代词）+分词 [句子当中作状语]
36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as和（相称于and）； be encouraged不会考。
动词不定式有预示将来活动的含义。to be encouraged将要被鼓励；
been encouraged已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对；being encouraged正在被鼓励
2.短语部分没有自力主语，则短语构造称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的构造：分词（分词短语）
句子的主语决议非谓语动词中的分词是用主动照旧主动形式。如果是句子的主语发出举措，则利用现在分词；如果举措不是由句子的主语发出，则利用过往分词。
43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt.扮演，扮演，吹奏；
to be performed将要被吹奏； being performed正在被吹奏；
一些特另外动词：
第一点：forget忘失落； [反义] remember记得；
这两个词后加动词不定式默示将要举行的活动；这两个词后加动词ing形式默示已经做过的事变。
留意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不合。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth.忘失落要往做某事； forget doing sth.忘失落做过某事；
remember to do sth.记得要往做某事； remember doing sth.记得做过某事；
62. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt.提出，供给； offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering如果改成 his once offering也准确。
动名词的复合构造：凡是一个动词的背面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合构造。
举措发出者 +动名词；当举措发出者名字给出时：名词全部格 +动名词；当动名词的复合构造在文章中出现，且举措发出者在前文中提逾期：描述词物主代词（宾格）+动名词。
描述词物主代词：his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格：him, her, me, you, us, them。
第二点：want想要； want to do sth.想做某事； want doing客不雅观需要或缺乏。
48. Your hair wants _B_. You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
留意：want doing中doing默示的是主动含义。
18. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三点：mean意味； mean to do sth.打活动看成某事，意欲…；mean doing意味着，…的意思是…
25. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble.
[reception desk接待台]
A IT B to make C to have made D having made
55. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch看电视用，看角逐用； see看片子用；
感官动词watch, see, hear；感官动词 +名词（代词）+ do
be erected夸张的是举措的功效； being erected夸张的是举措的历程。
56. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up抛却； give in屈从，让步； give off释放，放出（烟和睦体）；
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