巴比伦空中花圃
0 ihunter 2010/06
巴比伦空中花圃
The approach to the Garden sloped like a hillside and the several parts of the structure rose from one another tier on tier……On all this, the earth had been piled……and was thickly planted with trees of every kind that, by their great size and other charm, gave pleasure to the beholder……The water machines(raised) the water in great abundance from the river, although no one outside could see it.——Diodorus Siculus ruits and flowers…… WateITlls…… Gardens hanging from the palace terraces…… Exotic animals……This is the picture of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon in most people's minds.It may be surprising to know that they might have never existed except in the minds of Greek poets and historians!
Location
On the east bank of the River Euphrates, about 50 km south of Baghdad, Iraq.
History
The Babylonian kingdom flourished under the rule of the famous King, Hammurabi2(1792-1750 BC3).It was not until4 the reign of the Neo-Babylonian dynasty that the Mesopotamian 5 civilization reached its ultimate glory.Nebuchadnezzar II6(604-562 BC) is credited for building the legendary Hanging Gardens.It is said that the Gardens were built by Nebuchadnezzar to please his wife or concubinewho had been "brought up in Media7 and had a passion for mountain surroundings".While the most descriptive accounts of the Gardens come from Greek historians such as Berossus and Diodorus Siculus,Babylonian records stay silent on the matter.Tablets from the time of Nebuchadnezzar do not have a single reference to the Hanging Gardens,although descriptions of his palace, the city of Babylon, and the walls are found.Even the historians who give detailed descriptions of the Hanging Gardens never saw them.Modern historians argue that when Alexander8 's soldiers reached the fertile land of Mesopotamia and saw Babylon, they were impressed.When they later returned to their rugged homeland, they had stories to tell about the amazing gardens and palm trees at Mesopotamia……About the palace of Nebuchadnezzar…… About the Tower of Babel9 and the ziggurats.And it was the imagination of poets and ancient historians that blended all these elements together to produce one of the World Wonders.It wasn't until the twentieth century that some of the mysteries surrounding the Hanging Gardens were revealed.Archaeologists are still struggling to gather enough evidence before reaching the final conclusions about the location of the Gardens, their irrigation system, and their true appearance.注释:1.Babylon:现代西亚两河流域的最年夜都会,古巴比伦王国与新巴比伦王国的都城。位于幼发拉底河中游,距今巴格达南约89公里。“空中花圃”位于新巴比伦王国的都城中。
2.Hammurabi:汉谟拉比(公元前1792~1750)古巴比伦王国第六代国王。他在位其间,从头统一了两河流域。实施中央集权统治,兴修水利,生长经济。公布著名的《汉谟拉比法典》。
3.BC:BC是“公元前”、AD是“公元后”。你晓得为什么有公元前和公元后之分吗?实在公元记年是由厥后的一位知识宏大辽阔的年夜主教发明的,以IT(Christ)的出生为分界限来分别。BC便是Before Christ;而AD来自拉丁文anno Domini(=Since Christ was born)。
4.It was not until……:这个句子看起来挺让人利诱,实在这是……not……unitil……(直到……才……)的夸张句型。It is……that……是英语的情调句型。好比:It's man that counts.(出自《适用英语语法》)起感化的是人。夸张……not……unitil……时,是把not和 until指导的从句放在that前。
5.Mesopotamian:美索不达米亚,西亚一古地区,地处幼发拉底河和底格里斯河之间,是世界文明发源地之一。公元前4000年苏美尔人在南美索不达尼亚建立起世界最早的文明,约公元前2340年,阿卡帝国首次兴起,尔后巴比伦和亚述两帝国接踵崛起。
6.NebuPage: 1 chadnezzar II:尼布甲尼撒二世(前605~前562),新巴比伦王国国王。登基后,年夜举打击腓尼基和巴勒斯坦,与埃及夺取权力范围。公元前586年霸占耶路撒冷,灭犹太王国,俘虏大批犹太居夷易近。前567年远征埃及,并掠夺年夜量财产,是为新巴比伦王国鼎盛期间。
7.Media:米底,西亚古国,在今伊朗西部和阿塞拜疆东部地区。
8.lexander the Great:亚历山年夜年夜帝(前356~前323)马其顿国王。前334年以无敌之师年夜举东进,进小亚细亚,转埃及,建立亚历山年夜城,挺进两河流域,进侵中亚细亚,南下印度。后因气候不适,战士好战而退军巴比伦。前324年,建立了以亚历山年夜城为中央的东起印度河、西至尼罗河与巴尔干半岛范围的现代年夜帝国——亚历山年夜帝国。
9.the Tower of Babel:巴别塔,据《圣经·旧约》,诺亚在巴比伦的子孙想制作一座“塔顶通天”的塔以立名,同时对抗天主。天主便事变他们正本统一的说话,使之互不相通,功效塔未能建成,而人类分散到世界各地。
巴比伦的空中花圃
通往花圃的路途象山坡一样倾斜着,修建物的几个部分一层一层地向上交织排列着……泥土在这些下面堆积着……并且浓密地莳植着各种百般的树木,它们以其庞年夜的身躯和其他一些魅力,令不雅观赏者赏心雅观……抽水的机器把年夜量的水从河中(晋升到)下面,虽然没有人从表面能看到它。——Diodorus Siculus
生果与鲜花……、瀑布……、花圃高悬在宫殿的阳台上……、奇特的动物……,这是年夜年夜都人想象中的巴比伦空中花圃。让人受惊的是空中花圃除了在希腊的墨客和历史学家的脑筋中出现过外,年夜概向来就没有存在过。
地位:
位于幼发拉底河的东岸,距伊拉克的都城巴格达南约50公里。
历史:
古巴比伦王国在闻名的国王汉谟拉比(公元前1792~1750)的统治下已经昌盛临时。可是直到新巴比伦王朝,美索不达米亚文明才到达了它的鼎盛期间。人们相信传说中的空中花圃是由尼布甲尼撒二世(公元前604年~562年)制作的。据传,尼布甲尼撒为了取悦于其在米底亚长年夜并对山景怀有深挚感情的王后大概是妃子而制作了空中花圃。
固然对花圃最细致的记叙是出自Berossus和 Diodorus Siculus等希腊历史学家笔下,但巴比伦的历史记实却对此事只字未提。虽然在尼布甲尼撒期间存留下的各种誊写板上发明了对他的宫殿、巴比伦城以及巴比伦的城墙的各种描绘,但这些誊写板上却没有一处提到过空中花圃。乃至那些对空中花圃举行过详细描绘的历史学家们也从没有亲眼目击过它们。现代历史学家争论述:当亚力山年夜的战士们到达了富裕的美索不达米亚地区并看到了巴比伦时,他们深为(刻下的美景)所震撼。当他们厥后回到崎岖不平的故乡时,带回了有关美索不达米亚的令人惊叹的花圃和椰子树……、有关尼布甲尼撒的宫殿……以及有关巴别塔和金字型神塔的各种故事。是墨客和现代历史学家的想象利巴这全部的元素混合在一同制造出了世界奇不雅观之一。
直到二十世纪,环绕着空中花圃的一些不解之迷才被展现出来。在获得关于花圃的地理地位、灌溉系统,和真正面貌的最终结论之前,考古学家们仍在勉力地搜集足够的证据。

关键字:巴比伦空中花圃 古巴比伦空中花圃 巴比伦的空中花圃 古巴比伦的空中花圃 巴比伦空中花圃简介
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