Culture and History of Greenland
格陵兰的文明和历史
巨匠听说过Greenland吗？与它的名字，绿色岛屿，恰恰相反，它理想上是个冰雪世界。它便是“格陵兰岛”，世界上最年夜的岛。格陵兰岛位于加拿年夜败部，年夜部分地区都在北极圈内，固然是终年冰封雪冻了。栖身在那边的居夷易近叫Inuit（因纽特人），便是我们常说的爱斯基摩人。他们在这冰天雪地中是若何糊口生活呢？看完下文你就晓得了。
Greenland is blessed with a peaceable people that has never waged war with anyone, and people generally show great openness to visitors.
* People：巨匠都晓得people是“人”的意思，不外在这里我要提醒巨匠：people另有一个含义是“夷易近族”，如本文第一句话就出现了两个people，第一个默示“夷易近族”，第二个才默示“人”。了解一下它们的区别！
* Wage：“人为”、“薪水”的意思，是名词用法，a living wage便是“可以维持糊口的人为”。那么wage作动词是什么意思呢？默示“展开、举行”等，最罕见的用法便是本文的wage war（举行战役）了。
The population of Greenland is predominantly Inuit, a people bearing an affinity and solidarity with the Inuits of Canada, Alaska and Siberia. It is only 130 years since the last immigration from Canada took place.
The Greenlandic people are few in number: 55,000 in an enormous country. Approx. 20 percent of the population was born outside Greenland.
* Inuit：“因纽特人”，便是我们现在常说的Eskimo爱斯基摩人。他们重要住在北美洲极地附近，以捕鱼、狩猎为生。
* Affinity：“慎密亲密干系”、“姻亲”、“亲戚干系”等意思，如：The French and Italian languages have many affinities（法语与意年夜利语相互有良多慎密亲密之联系干系）。另外，affinity另有一个意思，默示“强大的吸引力”，He feels a strong affinity for/to her（她对他很有吸引力）。
* Solidarity：“团结”、“同等”、“抱有共同义务目标”等，它是由 solid（固体、慎密）引申而来的。
Greenland is part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but since the introduction of Home Rule in 1979 Greenland has moved towards relative independence based on parliamentary democracy.
Today fishing is the all-dominating trade and accounts for 95 percent of total exports, but in the hunter districts of the outer areas, the seal and whale catch is of great importance. It actually forms the stable existence for one fifth of the Greenlandic population. For millennia the philosophy has been to live at one with nature. The hunters live with nature and follow the natural seasons.In South Greenland ruins from the norse (viking) settlers 1,000 years ago are well preserved, including the ruins of the first Christian churches on the North America continent.* Seal：是“海豹”的意思。
* Whale：“鲸鱼”的意思，whale是世界上最年夜的动物，由此，我们获得一个很风趣的词组，a whale of time（玩得很高兴）。
* For millennia the philosophy has been to live at one with nature.这是一个极度出色的句子，它的意思是“几千年来，与年夜天然溶为一体——即拜托年夜天然——成为格陵兰人的糊口生活哲学”。
* Norse：“现代斯堪的纳维亚人”、“现代挪威人”。
The symbols of the ancient culture are still alive even in the larger towns. Many people build and use their own kayak as you'll see in every harbor. The old drum dance is performed by a growing number of artists. The musical and theatrical life is largely based on myths and sagas conveyed in a modern form.
Arts and crafts often express perceptions of ancient myths. The tupilaks - small grotesque figures carved in narwhal or walrus tooth or reindeer antler - were originally evil spirits. Today they are popular souvenirs, and many skilled artists carve the tupilaks - each and every with a unique character.
* Kayak：“爱斯基摩划子”、“小艇”。
* Sagas：“中世纪挪威、冰岛历史事变和传说”、“豪杰传奇”等。
* grotesque：“风格奇特的”、“奇形怪状的”等意思。small grotesque figures便是“风格奇特的大人物像”。本文的tupilaks便是指这种small grotesque。
*narwhal：“一角鲸”、“独角鲸”。
*walrus：“海象”，在俗语里也默示“身段矮胖的人”。
*reindeer antler：reindeer是“驯鹿”的意思，antler是“鹿角”的意思。reindeer antler便是“驯鹿的角”。
* Souvenir：“留念品”的意思。

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