闻言察意说年夜学英语四六级听力练习
中国有句俗话—“听话听音，锣鼓听声”，CET4、6的听力测试也概莫能外。为便于巨匠查找，本文仅以2000年1月的CET- 6听力试题第一部分为例。谈一谈若何了解说话人的意图。
CET4、6第一部分的特点是：男女双方在对话中表达的意思比较含蓄，频频不能为书面选择供给直接的信息，这就要求考生使用逻辑推理的思想历程，申明分辨说话人的意图、目标、立场、要求等，选择准确谜底。详细他说可以从以下几个方面举行详细的申明和钻研。
一、从语音、语调判定说话人的意图
语音、语调是表达人们思惟感情的重要手腕之一，相通的词句，用不合的语音、语调表达，其内涵意义也竞全不合。在听力测试中，也常用不合的语音、语调来表达说话人的猜疑、否定，讨厌或一定、惊叹等。每每用降调，分外是在通俗疑问句或反义疑问句顶用降调，默示对事物的一定；用升调，分外是在一定句中或特别疑问句顶用升调，默示对事物的猜疑和否定。听力测试中偶尔会出现如许一种情况，当一方提出一个题目时，另一方立刻用升调频频这句话中的某一关键词语，每每默示答话人对这一关键性词语所表达意义的否定。比年来这一类题型很少出现，故不再赘述。
二、从事（人）物间的内涵联系判定说话人的意图
有些对话中回答人并不正面回答题目。而好像答非所问。这就需要我们运用解题的逻辑思想与推理历程，也便是每每所说的“顺藤摸瓜”。在需要了解说话人意图这类听力试题中，一些句子的真实含义不是直截了当地摆在我们刻下，而是要我们根据对话中展现的内容往探求与其有关的其他事物以及它们之间的联系，其联系通俗可以在书面选项中找到。
请看例句：
例1You will hear:
M：Next， shouldn''t we get a telephone installed in the hall?
W：Fixing the shower pipe is far more important.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation？
You will read:
A. They have different opinions as to what to do next.
B. They have to pay for the house by installments.
C. They will fix a telephone in the bathroom.
D. The man''s attitude is more sensible than the woman''s.
本对话中密斯没有直接反对装置电话，而是提出装置淋浴喷头更重要。因此，从密斯提到的另一事物“淋浴喷头”可以料到出她反对装置电话：二人意见不合等，所以选A。
例2You will hear:
M：I''ve noticed that you get letters from Canada from time to time. Would you mind saving the stamps for me？ My sister collects them.
W：My roommate already asked for them.
Q: What does the woman imply?
You will read：
A. She will save the stamps for the man''s sister.
B. She will no longer get stamps from Canada.
C. She can''t give the stamps to the man''s sister.
D. She has given the stamps to the man''s roommates.
密斯说“My roommate already asked forthem.”，这里的them固然是指stamps。从其提到的另一人物roommate则可以判定该密斯的意在言外便是她不年夜概再对他人做出答应了，即她不能把邮票给the man''s sister。因此选C。
三、从假造语气的内涵意义判定说话人的意图
假造语气可以默示与毕竟相反的含义。默示与现在及将来毕竟相反的假造前提时，谓语的重要形式为：当从句为过往式,主句为would／should／could／might+动词底细；默示与过旧毕竟相反的假造前提时，谓语动词的重要形式为：当从句为had+过往分词，主句则用would／should／could／might＋have＋过往分词。若从句和主句发作的时候不合等，谓语形式根据默示的时候来调解。在用于wish后的that分句中，默示与现在毕竟相反的主不雅观设想，及用于if, as if, as thought等指导的分句和suppose或imagine等背面的分句中，默示对现在时候或将来时候的主不雅观设想，则用were型假造式。
例3 You will hear:
M：I hope I won''t oversleep. I''ve simply got to catch the first flight to New York.
W： If I were you, I''d request the wakeup call from the hotel reception.
Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?
You wil read:
A. To cancel his trip. B. To go to bed early. C. To catch a later flight. D. To ask for a wake-up call.
本题的解题关键是听懂假造句"If I were you, I''d request the wake-up call from the hotel reception."（如果我是你，我会请旅店效力台打叫醒电话。）密斯的隐含义图是发起男士要叫醒电话，所以选D。
例4 You will hear:
M：Jane, what would you do if you were on vacation overseas and lost all your money and credit cards？
W：Well, I guess I''d probably sell my watch and camera-or I might get a job as a waitress somewhere till I made enough money to buy a plane ticket to return home.
Q: What are they talking about?
You will read：
A. An invented story.
B. A real life experience.
C. An imaginary situation.
D. A terrible nightmare.
该对话固然较长，但只需听到假造语气句中“What would you do if you were ...”，就会晓得这是默示假定的情形（An imaginary situation），于是选C。
假造语气的内涵意义是语法现象在听力测试中的使用，只需掌握好这部分语法，这类听力试题就会瓜熟蒂落。
四、从反义问句的否定含义判定说话人的意图
请看例句：
例5 You will hear:
M：I think I''m going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today.
W：Just because you lost，is that the reason to quit?
Q: What does the woman imply?
You will read：
A. The man should stick to what his doing.
B. The man should take up a new hobby.
C. The man should stop playing tennis.
D. The man should find the cause of his failure.
将整个对话联系起来，通俗疑问句“... is that the reason to quit？”就成了反义问句，句子的含义也起了转变，增加了内涵含义。这种问句不需要对方回答，称之为修辞问句，频频用来默示说话人否定的内涵。如：Is that a reason for despair?这岂非是灰心丧气的来由吗？（这不是灰心丧气的来由）；Is no one going?没有人往吗?（应该有人往）Where does Tom live？W眯要？汤姆住在那边？谁晓得啊！（我也不晓得）“... , is that the reason to quit?”的，意在言外便是“岂非失落败是抛却的来由吗？”也便是劝男士对峙下往。谜底为A。反义问句频频比直接回答更为活泼诙谐，能起到传神的结果，我们不难了解其意义。
五、从短语的含义判定说话人的意图
这是判定说话人的意图中最难掌握的一部分。在这类对话中，说话人每每会借助一些短语、习语、惯用法来表明自己的不雅观点和立场。偶尔我们听清了灌音内容，却不了解其中牢固用法的意义因此也不能判定说话人的意图，这就要求我们纯熟掌握、积累短语、习语、惯用法的意义。
例6 You will hear:
M: What''s the matter? You have been sitting there for ages, just staring into space.
W: I told the Brownings I''d send them a postcard. Now I don''t know what to say.
Q: What''s the woman doing?
You will read:
A. visiting the Brownings. B. Writing a postcard. C. Looking for a postcard.D. Filling a form.
对话中“for ages”中“ages”的原意是“长期间，几百年”，这里是夸张的用法，意思是“很良长一段时候”。“staring into space”是“怔怔地谛视着前方”，并不是在谛视着某一个东西，而是默示在思索着什么。年夜白了“staringinto space”的意思，则选择准确谜底B。
例7You will hear:
M：My chemistry project is in trouble. My partner and I have totally different ideas about how to proceed.
W：You should try to meet each other half way.
Q: What does the woman suggest?
You will read：
A. The man should work with somebody else.
B. The man should meet his partner''s needs.
C. They should come to a compromise.
D. They should find a better lab for the project.
本题的关键在于能否了解短语“to meet each othcr half way”的意思是“经由历程互让达成同等”。它和C中“come to a compromise”意思相通，因此选C。
对话作为交际说话，总要表达一定的意思或到达一定的目标。我们在听音时要留意情形和语意的团体了解，提要挈领，抓住其中的关键信息，借助以上几点提醒，判定说话人的意图，做出准确选择。
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