大众英语品级测验PETS三级综合教诲(三)
三级英语强化教诲讲义
语法:倒装句构造
倒装句分为两种:部分倒装和全部倒装。详细来说,部分倒装便是主语和模样形状动词、助动词的倒装。
例:Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics.(只是在那时我才认识到数学的重要性。)
共有四种倒装形式:
第一种:含有否定词开头的句子都要倒装:
否定词语置于句首是为了夸张否定,可惹起部分倒装,即谓语部分中的助动词或模样形状动词提至主语前,而动词仍置于主语后.
这些否定词有:not, only, never, little, few, hardly, nowhere, seldom, rarely, scarcely… when…, no sooner…than, at no time, in no way(= by no means), under no circumstance, not until, not only… but (also)….
如:
Seldom does he go to see his aunt in the countryside.他很少往看乡下的姨妈。
Hardly did I think it possible.我几乎以为这是不年夜概的。
Rarely did I meet Mr. Eldon.我很少赶上埃尔登西席.
No sooner had Yao Ming appeared in the hall than the crowd began to cheer.姚明刚出现在年夜厅,人群就喝彩起来了。
第二种,so…that…太…以致于…,如果so放在句首,so后句子倒装,that背面的不倒装。
如So fast did he run that he caught up with the whole class.他跑得很快,赶上了整个班级.
第三种:如果假造前提从句当中包括有助动词、模样形状动词、动词to be、动词to have,可以把if省略,然后倒装。
见假造语气if从句用法。
第四种:由as指导的让步状语从句中,背面的句子要倒装。
如Much as I like it, I won’t buy it.虽然我很喜好它,可是也不会买。
Try as he does, he will never pass it.虽然他会往尝试,但他永久不会乐成。
语法:主谓同等
主谓同等即主语和谓语动词在数上连结同等。
1.两个或两个以上做主语的双数名词用and连接时,谓语动词准绳上用双数。可是,如果双数名词前有each, no, every, many a, more than one润色,谓语动词用双数。
如:
Each boy and each girl is invited.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都遭到了约请。
Many a boy and many a girl has been invited.良多男孩和女孩都被约请了。
2. every可以带稀有字的双数名词连用,这时我们仍旧把它看作一个团体,因此动词用双数。
如Every four people shares a room.我们每四团体住一个房间。
3.主语如果是双数,虽然背面跟有以下构造:as well as(除了...之外还...), together with(与...一同), along with(与...一同), including(包括...在内), accompanied by(陪伴,陪伴),in company with(在...的陪伴下),besides(除了...之外), except(除了...)等,谓语动词用双数。
如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.西席和一些门生在不雅观赏工场。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想往划船。
4.团体名词(family, crew, class, committee, government,audience, group, team, army等)做主语时,谓语动词的数取决于这个团体名词的含义:当这个集合名词默示一个不可朋分的团体时,谓语动词用双数;当夸张团体中的一般时,谓语动词用双数。
如:
The family is the basic unit of our society.家庭是社会的根基组成单元。
The committee is made up of five members.这个委员会由五个成员组成。
5.有些名词虽然以“s”末端,如:news(动静), politics(政治学), physics(物理学), economics(经济学), mathematics(数学)等,但这些词默示的是双数的不雅观点,动词用双数。
如Every means has been tried.每一种体例都试过了。
6.当句子有两个主语,主语又是由either…or…, neither…nor,…or…,…nor…或 not only…but (also)…连接,则接纳邻近准绳,数与谓语动词邻近的主语连结同等。
如Neither Tom nor his parents are at home.汤姆和他的怙恃都不在家。
7.a number of背面动词用双数;the number of背面动词用双数。
如:
A number of students have gone to the cinema.一些门生往看片子了。
The number of students has doubled since 1998.门生的数量自从1988年已经翻了一番。
语法:附加疑问句
附加疑问句附在陈说句背面,对陈说句所论述的毕竟提出相反的疑问。该句型的构造特征为:当背面是一定时,背面用否定式;当背面能否定时,背面用一定式。反意问句中的动词时态应和陈说句中的动词时态相同等.
有关附加疑问句,应该掌握以下几点:
1.当陈说句是一个主从复合句时,每每情况下疑问部分应根据主句的动词形式而定。
如He said that he didn’t want to go, did not he?他说他不想往,是吗?
2.固然陈说部分是主从复合句,可是,如果主语部分因此下几个构造:I’d say(我想说), I’ll bet(我敢赌钱), I guess(我预测), I think(我想), I suppose(我想),I believe(我相信),I expect(我期待), I imagine(我想像),附加疑问句要根据从句的动词形式而定。
如I suppose you are not serious, are you?我想这事你不是担当的,是吗?
3.如果在第二种句式中的主句部分加否定词,附加疑问部分用一定式。
如I don’t suppose he cares, does he?我想他对这事儿无所谓,是吗?
4.如果陈说部分的主语是somebody, someone, everybody, everyone, nobody,发问部分的人称要用双数they.
如Everybody knows that the earth is round, don’t they?每团体都晓得地球是圆的,对吗?
5.陈说句部分如果含有否定词nothing, nobody, seldom, rarely, never, hardly, scarcely,疑问部分要用一定式。
如She scarcely cares for anything, does she?(她这人对什么都不关怀,对吗?)
总结如下:
陈说部分发问部分
have todon’t
had todidn’t
ought tooughtn’t to / shouldn’t to
used todidn’t
letshall(说的和听的都要做这个举措)/ will
Don’twill
语法:夸张句构造
夸张句构造有三种重要形式:
1.由it做指导词,形式:It is(was)+被夸张部分,背面常出现that,whom,who。
如John met Mary in Paris last week.这句话中除了谓语动词不能被夸张之外,其他划线部分都可以夸张。夸张不合部分如下:
(1)、It was john who met Mary in Paris last week.
(2)、It was Mary whom John met in Paris last week.
(3)、It was in Paris that John met Mary last week.
(4)、It was last week that john met Mary in Paris.
2.It is because也是夸张句型构造,夸张缘故原因。
如It is because she is very devoted to her students that she is respected by them.便是因为她全身心肠投进门生的教诲,她才遭到孩子们的恭敬。
3.由not until指导的句子,既是一种夸张句,也是一种倒装句。
如It was not until bedtime that the boy ever remembered to do his homework.直到睡觉时候谁人男孩儿才想起来该造功课了。
这句话我们用Not until来指导则是:
Not until bedtime did the boy ever remember to do his homework.
到此为止,语法部分全部讲完。从下节开始讲答题本领。
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