大众英语80篇背诵阅读带翻译(三十六)
"71 The Alaska Pipeline
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. Resting on H shaped steel racks called"bents", long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the suITce later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up and down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the Arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost(permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil. One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately＄8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.阿拉斯加输油管阿拉斯加输油管道以北冰洋的冻冰边缘为起点，向南延长穿过美国的最北又是最年夜的州，在离起点 800英里以外的一个偏僻的不冻海港中断。它跨幅庞年夜，并且运作极度庞大。这个钢质管道穿过强风赓续的草原和无边无尽的笼盖于冻土之上的苔原。它盘垣于弯曲的峡谷之间，攀上高大陡峭的山峰，从岩石遍及的绝壁爬升上去，穿越浓密的丛林，从上或从下经由成百上千条的河流与溪水。管道的直径有四英尺，每天能保送高达 200百万桶(合 8400万加仑)的原油。枕在 H型的铁架上，管道长长的一部分在冰冻空中的上空走着"之"字形。别的部分流失在坚固或坚固的空中下然后又回到空中上。管道这种或上或下的路途决议于严酷的极带和副极带气候、庞大的地形和构造各别的泥土、岩石、永久冻土。一年夜半管道悬在空中上空，其他部分则埋进 3至 12英尺的地下。深浅年夜部分由地形状况和泥土特征而定。作为世上最年夜的管道之一，它破费了将近 80亿美元，至今照旧公有产业举行的最浩年夜最昂贵的修建工程。理想上，单个公司不年夜概拿出这么多的资金。为了分担成本，八年夜煤油公司组成了一个年夜财团。每个公司都控制着油田中一定土地上的开采权，并由股份的比例把资金投进到管道培植中。虽然有气候严冷、供给缺乏、设置装备摆设破坏、劳工胶葛、地形庞大等庞年夜困难，并有一些管理上的不善乃至被盗现象，阿拉斯加管道现已峻工并正在运转。

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