综合教诲:2007年5月新东方六级翻译讲义3
六、不定式
1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months
（考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首替代不定式，而将不定式移到谓语背面）
2) for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test
（考点：偶尔用“介词for +代词/名词”来默示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描绘的工具是事变，这种情况下谓语中常用的描述词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等）
3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area
（考点：偶尔用“介词of +代词/名词”来默示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描绘的工具是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的描述词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等）
4) not to punish those students who had been late for class
（考点：1.用不定式构做作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）
（能带不定式作宾语的动词罕见的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish）5) whether to visit their son in France（考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种构做作宾语的动词每每有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等）6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon（考点：不定式作宾语补语）7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art（考点：同上）（能带不定式构做作宾语补语的动词有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：划线的动词背面的不定式不带to）8) to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university（考点：动词 + it +描述词/名词 +不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语）9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice（考点：不定式作定语）（不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等）10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air（考点：同上）11) the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs（考点：同上）12) American woman to explore the outer space（考点：由only, last, next，序数词或描述词最后级润色的名词常用不定式作定语）13) only to drop it on their own feet（考点：不定式作功效状语）14) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village（考点：不定式作缘故原因状语）15) to have taken up so much of your time（考点：1.不定式作缘故原因状语；2.不定式的完成时）16) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in（考点：不定式的举行式）17) to be treated as a guest（考点：不定式的主动形式）18) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books（考点：不带to的不定式）19) but play bridge the whole day（考点：同上）20) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room（考点：当动词see, make, hear等用于主动语态时，不定式要留存to）七、分词1)“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian（考点：分词作宾语补语）（catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语）2) parked in the fire lane（考点：分词作定语）3) killing thousands upon thousands of people（考点：分词作功效状语）4) raising the average yield by 15 percent（考点：同上）5) trying to deduce its operating principle（考点：分词作陪伴状语）6) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book（考点：分词作缘故原因状语）7) Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds（考点：同上）8) Seen from the eyes of a young friend（考点：分词作体例状语）9) Not having heard from his parents for a long time（考点：1.分词作缘故原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式）八、动名词1) Taking a cold bath every day（考点：动名词作主语）2) IT their daughter do what she didn’t like to do（考点：动名词作动词的宾语）（下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式：admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, can’t help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, can’t stand, stop, suggest）3) getting our goods into the international market（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）4) crying over spilled milk（考点：动名词用于牢固构造。动名词常常与以下词组连用：be worth, have difficulty (in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, what’s the point of, what’s the use of）5) having peeked at his neighbor’s test IT（考点：动名词的完成式）6) being promoted to manager（考点：动名词的主动式）九、非谓语动词用法区别1) working very hard.（考点：mean默示“意味着”）2) to drive there, but his car broke down（考点：mean默示“计划”）（类似需要区另外动词另有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等）3) talking to his mother（考点：夸张正在举行）
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