年夜学英语测验精读：第五册（UNIT10）
In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in the United States. One hundred years after this decree was signed, however, the life of blacks was still "sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination." On August 28, 1963, a quarter of a million people of all races came to Washington, D. C. to show their support for freedom and justice for all Americans, and for black people in particular. At that demonstration Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered this famous speech, widely regarded as the most eloquent statement of the black people's dreams and aspirations ever made. Dr. King told the world, "I have a dream" that equality would come "to all of God's children." He said he wanted everyone to be able to "join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, 'Free at last! Free at last!…'"I Have a Dreamby Martin Luther King, Jr.Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro salves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity.But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred tears later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition.In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check; a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check—— a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of Democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. 1963 is not an end, but a beginning. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwind of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.But there is something I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "For Whites Only," We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that even the state of Mississippi, a desert state sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.I have a dream today.I have a dream that the state of Alabama will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough place will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:My country, its of theeSweet land of libertyOf thee I sing:Land where my fathers died,Land of the pilgrims' pride,From every mountainsideLet freedom ring.And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire! Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California!But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!" NEW WORDSJr.abbr. Junior, a term used with name of a son who has the same name as his fathersymbolica. of, having to do with, or using symbols意味（性）的emancipationn. the act or process of setting free from slaveryproclamationn. an official public announcement宣言，声明proclaimvt. announce publiclymomentousn. very important or significant重年夜的momentumn. the force or speed of a moving object动量decreen. an official order; law法则beaconn. a light used to guide or warn灯塔；灯标Negron. a person belonging to the black racesearvt. burn with a powerful heat烧发急伤flamen. a glowing mass of light given off by a burning substance火焰witherv.（cause to） dry up（使）茂盛joyousa. full of joy; joyfuldaybreakn. the time each morning when light first shows;captivityn. the state of being in prison or held against one's will扣留；束缚captivevt.（a person） confined or held against his willcripplevt. injure so as to make useless使伤残manaclen.（usu. pl.） either of a pair of iron rings joined by a chain, used for fastening the hands or feet of a prisoner手铐；脚镣segregationvt. the separate of one racial group from the rest of society种族断绝segregatevt. separate or keep apart from othersdiscriminationn. behavior marked by unfairness or injustice toward others because of color, religion, IT, or age比方视povertyn. the condition of being poorprosperityn. success or good fortunelanguishvi. experience long suffering刻苦，受折磨exilen. forced removal from one's country or home; a person who has been forced to leave his country（被）流放（者）appallinga. shocking; extremely bad耸人听闻的，极恶劣的architectn. a person who designs buildings and supervises their construction; a maker; creator修建师；计划师；创作发明者；发明者independencen. the condition or quality of being independentpromissorya. containing or implying a promisepromissory notea. written promise to pay a stated sum of money to a certain person at a certain time期票heirn. a person who inherits or has the right to inherit the money or property of another继承人inalienablea. cannot be taken away不可褫夺的libertyn. freedom from the control or rule of anotherpursuitn. the act of pursuing; an occupationdefaultvi. fail to do what is requiredinsofarad. to such an extent or degreesacreda. holy神圣的obligationn. a duty one must carry out义务，责任insufficienta. not enoughjusticen. the quality of being just or fair; fair treatment according to law or honorbankrupta. unable to pay one's debts停业的vaultn. a room with strong walls, used for keeping valuables safe金库，保司库richesn. great wealthhallowvt. make or treat as holy使成神圣；把……视为神圣urgencyn. need for immediate action or attentiontranquilizevt. make or treat as holygradualismn. the principle or method of gradual, as opposed to immediate, changedesolatea. without people; lonely and sad荒芜的;孤寂的raciala. of or having to do with racequicksandn. a naturally occurring mixture of sand and water into which anything resting on its suITce sinks流沙brotherhoodn. close feeling or friendship among a group; fellowshipfatala. causing death; bringing danger or ruinunderestimatevt. guess too low a value for; have too low an opinion ofdeterminationn. a strong and firm purpose刻意swelteringn. unpleasantly hotswelterv. oppress with, or suffer from, heatlegitimatea. being or acting in agreement with the law; reasonable, fair合法的；合理的
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