2006年年夜学英语六级写作讲义（二）
三、英语写作高分要留意的几种情况
（一）防止初级错误，提高说话表达的准确性
1、词汇题目
1）搭配错误
Low price而不是cheap price.
Price has been more and more cheap. Prices has been declining.
2)虚伪同义词题目
有良多英语单词被看成同义词来处理，如economical, economic, financial, economics等。理想上这些同义词并非真正意义上的同义词。只因为汉语注释极度笼统，形成汉语词汇频频。语义的区别没有表现出来，才形成误用。
下面都是中国门生在作文中最常用并犯错最多的“同义词”。
rise, raise, arise
effect, affect, influence
maybe, may
病句：
As college students, we have to learn/study knowledge. [acquire]
The prices raised when the harvest was poor. [rose]
He cost $2000 to buy the new computer. [He spent $2000 on the…或The new computer cost him $2000.]
I won't take you much time.
Because of economic difficulty, he had to drop out.
3)分词的杂乱。
动词ing与过往分词作描述词时常混用。Exciting, excited; satisfied, satisfying;
The good news made all of us very exciting.
4)关于“有”的表达，误用较多。
There are many people think…
2、时态错误、杂乱
I did not expect he will come.
3、句子构造紊乱，最罕见的是不利用连接词，直接用逗号连接两句话。影响条理分!
There is no doubt that western culture is the leading one, it has changed the world deeply.
4、同等性，尤其是主谓同等。
The issue have become more and more serious.
5、比较级错误
罕见错误：more better.
The society is changing more and more faster…
Problems have been more and more.题目越来越多。
6、年夜小写错误
通俗来说，每一句的首字母应该年夜写，人名地名等专著名词的首字母年夜写。
china is still a developing country.
it is well-known that…
7、拼写错误此类错误相称遍及，并且习尚一旦养成，较难改失落。下面是几个常常随便搞混同或拼错的单词，课下多写几遍。
environment（情况，随便写成enviroment）,
government（政府，随便误拼成goverment）,
modern（现代的，随便拼成morden）
（二）、罕见错误比较申明
请巨匠查抄比较，自己能否犯过此类错误，写下准确表达形式。
1．Since…, people's life level is improving fast. (living standard)
2．He told me he wanted to contact me when I was convenient, but I was cheated. (available)
3. This issue is very serious, and people are very dangerous. (in great danger)
4. After this incident, I was very painful and did not want to go to school. (upset)
5. My hometown must become very beautiful in the future.
6. A man who is too proud must not take other people's advice.
Must默示料到的用法：
Must be +描述词
Must be+现在分词
Must have+过往分词（对过往的料到）
尽对不是must+实义动词！
7. Only when you insist on working hard, can you realize your ideal. (keep)
8. I was very angry that she doubted that I cheated in her exam. (suspected)
9. Especially, science and technology are highly important and emphasized. (In particular)
10. This certainly effects the people's lives; they can choose any kind if they want. (affect)
11. It seemed that no one who can cause my attention. (attract/capture)
12. It (maths problem) was that hard that (it) spent him a whole night. (took)
13. The old man appreciated him very much. (liked)
14. When we touch the other people in the society,… (are in contact with)
15. I disagree the opinion“leaning about the past has no… in the present”. (disagree with)
16. When we meet difficulties, we must face them calmly. (meet with)
17. In modern society, people's nervous work often makes them too tired. (stressful)
18 In big cities, there is always crowded traffic, while in the countryside… (heavy/congested)
19. I think it is very right to say pride leads to failure. (quite)
20. The short of exercises makes me can not work well enough. (prevent…from)
21. You may be like this position.
（三）准确利用联系干系词
顺序: to begin with, moreover, last but not the least;【用于列举多个方面的缘故原因】
举例：take…as an example, for instance, such as, that is, in other words
夸张：especially【尽对不可以用于主句句首!!!】, particularly, by all means, in particular
比较：likewise, similarly【默示类似的东西，用于句首】
对比：by striking contrast【用于句首】
让步：For all【背面只能紧跟名词性构造】；however+描述词/副词
For all the advantages mentioned above, XXX is not without its limitations.
However grave the situation may be,…
缘故原因：now that, since, because of, for this reason, as, due to, owing to, thanks to【常默示积极缘故原因】
功效：therefore, accordingly, hence, thus,【背面这几个单词只能做副词，不能零丁间连续接两个句子】连词so可以。
总结：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, in summary, as has been mentioned above
递进：in addition, furthermore, moreover, what's more【需要零丁惹起一句话】
时候：afterwards, at length, meanwhile,【零丁惹起一句话】
例子： For all the advantages mentioned above,【让步】【承上】Internet is by no means without its limitations【启下】. To begin with,【举例】we cannot always tell whether or not the information it provides is true. We may be misled by wrong information and make wrong judgments or conclusions. Moreover, we may find too much information on the same marketing and to pick out what we need will take us much time…Last but not least, there are quite many viruses in the Internet, which may cause great damages to our computer. In conclusion, we college students need to use the Internet properly for our studies and entertainment….（四）句式要灵活窜改句子的开头体例，不要都陈腐不雅观点的主谓宾或主系表构造。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词作状语等。然后留意得当交织下面的几种句式会使整个文章减色良多。
1）定语从句（限制性和非限制性）
Example 1: To the best of my knowledge, there are many reasons why SMS is so popular nowadays.
Example 2: The public have noticed and been worried about this new trend, which has generated a variety of negative effects on the young people.
2）分词短语状语
The use of cell phone makes the world more like a global village, giving us the opportunity to stay in touch at any time and at any place.
3）夸张句
It is this severe issue that brought about the heated discussion among the public.
4）倒装句
Only by enforcing these measures can we hope to solve the problem eventually.
5）反问
Shouldn't we take effective measures to curb this situation?
6）插进身分[介词短语]
It is sensible, by any means, for us to make scientific analysis.
It is necessary, therefore, to use the resources appropriately.
（五）利用需要模板，要看清作文要求，切忌胡乱照搬
1）开头段常用句型
Along with the advance of the society, there is a growing concern with the problem of…
In the past few years, there is an increasing popularity among people with…Take…as an example….
Recently the phenomenon has aroused in the society wide concern.
2）中心段常用句型
Although the popular belief is that…, a recent study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates that….
The increase/change in… largely / partly results/arises from….
The increase in… is largely due to the fact that….
There are a variety of causes for this marked change / decline / increase或别的默示转变的名词
3）末端段常用句型
From what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that….
It is high time that we placed considerable emphasis on the improvement/development of….
However hard it might be, I do believe there will always be a way out, as long as we are determined to change the present situation.
（六）防止利用初级词汇，只管即便利用中初级词汇（重如果描述词和描述词）
Good resultsàfavorable results
Bad effectsànegative effects
Big changesàgreat changes;
(Data )show thatàindicate; demonstrate
Importantàsignificant; crucial; vital
More and more (problems等名词)àan increasing number of (problems)
More and more (important等描述词或副词)à increasingly (important)
All kinds ofà a variety of
Manyà a number of
Deal withà tackle
Possibleàlikely (可用人或讨论的题目做主语)
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