大众英语品级测验三级(PETS3)学习条记第19部分
Unit 19 Visiting a Doctor and Health Insurance
Dialogues /monologues:
1、I seem to be suffering from all the illnesses imaginable.
这里的“suffer from……”是个牢固搭配：(蒙受、忍受的意思。)
2、To crown it all, I had an accident the other day.
To crown it all：(更蹩脚的是)the other day：前几天。
3、I get short of breath.
short of breath：呼吸急促。
4、For the sake of your health, keep off alcohol. If possible, give up smoking.
谈谈“for the sake of”与“in order to”的区别：
for the sake of因为..大概是"看在...的份上"
for the sake of God看在天主的份上
in order to为了...
Many students listen to the teacher carefully in order to receive a good mark.
门生上课担当听讲是为了获得好成绩
for the sake of +名词
in order to +动词
固然二者都是默示"为了"这个意思
可以这么看,前者是为了某个东西,所以+名词
后者是为了做某事,所以+动词
5、Likewise, many changes are taking place in hospitals, where the costs of medical equipment and care is skyrocketing.
异样，病院里正发作着良多的窜改，医疗设置装备摆设与医疗保健的费用突升猛涨。
6、Because of the high costs, patients now spend a limited number of days in the hospital, depending on their illness.
因为低价的破费，现在,病人们根据本身的病情,只管即便花更少的时候呆在病院里。
7、It has worried me a good deal for the last week, and so now I am going to put it on my dressing-table and watch it ache.
上周牙疼不断困扰着我，所以现在我要把它摆放在我的打扮台，看它还如何疼!
Passage:
For all it flaws, medical care in the United States has been reformed gigantically over the past several decades. Deaths from heart disease have fallen by 40 percent since 1970. thanks to better detection and treatment, cancer advances have helped to raise U.S. life expectancy from an average of 68 years in 1950 to 77 years today.
Not only have American lives grown longer, but their quality has improved. The proportion of people over 65 with one or more chronic disabilities—such as the inability to walk, or to get dressed, without aid—declined from greater than 25 percent in 1982 to less than 20 percent in 1999. and the development of vision-correction surgery, among many other drugs and procedures, has allowed many Americans to prolong pleasures historically with youth.Of course, not all the recent improvements in American health and longevity can be directly attributed to our health-care system; some are as much the result of adopting healthier habits( exercise, better diet) or of dropping unhealthy ones (smoking, too much alcohol-drinking). Still, better medical care is the principal cause of improvements in American health and life span over the past 50 years.But the problem is that since 1960 health-care spending has grown significantly faster than the economy, meaning that we’re spending an ever larger portion of our incomes on medical core. In 1960 health care constituted 5.1 percent of the U.S. economy; in 1980 it constituted 8.8 percent; today it constitutes 13.3 percent. Meanwhile, private health-insurance premiums—which rose by 14 percent last year alone—are becoming unaffordable for ever Americans. The number of things we can do to pay for them. 41 millions of our citizens are now uninsured. So the key question is not whether health care should be rationed in the United States; it already is. Rather the question is how health care should be rationed. How should the potential benefits of reduced pain, improved quality of life, or extended life be weighted against the high costs of the medications or procedures involved? And who should weigh them? These are hard questions with high moral stakes. But we do hope that the health-care system will cover more people.参考译文:因为存在缺陷，所以美国的医疗保健在过往几十年里举行了重年夜革新。心脏疾病招致的灭亡自1970年以来下降了40百分。因为较先进的监测和医治，癌症灭亡率自1990年以来不断处于下降趋势。总的来看，医疗提高使美国人均寿命从1950的68岁提高到现在的77岁。
美国人不但提高了寿命，并且还提高了糊口质量。65岁以上患有至少一种耐久残疾——如在无人匡助下不能自力行走，或不能自己穿衣——的比例从1982年的20百分以上下降到1990年的20百分以下。目力改副手术的生长，以及其他药品和医治法式的生长，使得良多美国人历史性地耽误了与年老有关的糊口兴趣。
固然，并不是美国人康健和长寿方面获得的全部提高都直接回功于我们的医疗保健系统。有些是养成康健习尚(磨炼身段、合理饮食)或戒除不康健习尚(吸烟、过量喝酒)的直接功效。但是，精良的医疗保健仍旧是过往50多年来产美国人康健改进和生命耽误的重要身分。
但题目是，自1960年以来，医疗保健费用的增加速度远远跨越了经济增加速度，这意味着我们的收进顶用于医疗保健上的比例越来越年夜。1960年医疗保健费用占美国经济的5.1百分;到1980年的时候，就低落到了8.8百分;而现在已到达13.3百分了。与此同时，私家康健保险费用——仅今年一年就上升了14百分——让越来越多的美国人感到难以接受。我们为康健而接纳步伐的数量已经跨越了美国人的接受本领。现在有4100万生齿还没有上医疗保险。因此，关键题目不是在于美国医疗保健能否应该定量配给，因为我们已经完成了这个目标，而是在于医疗保健如何定量配给。美国人夷易近在痛苦淘汰、糊口质量改进或寿命耽误等方面所获得的匿伏好处，如何本领抵消陪伴而来的药品或就医高消耗呢?谁来担当平衡呢?没有很高的品德责任，这些题目是难以处理的。可是，我们照旧希看医疗保健系统可以涵盖更多的人。
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