1.A letter of credit is a written undertaking (答应，包管) issued by a bank given to the seller at the request and in accordance with the instructions of the buyer to effect payment at sight or at a determinable future time up to a stated sum of money and against stipulated (划定的) documents which are complied with(符合) the terms and condition of the credit.
　　声誉证:（LETTER OF CREDIT,简写为L/C）是银行应买方要乞降指示向卖方开立的、在一定刻日内凭划定的票据符合声誉证条目，即期或在一个可以确定的将往日期，兑付一定金额的书面答应。
　　2.Remittance refers to a bank, at the request of its customer, transfer a certain sum of money to its oversea branch or correspondent bank instructing it to pay to a named person domiciled (假寓的) in that country.
　　国际汇兑：又称外洋汇兑，指的是经由历程银行的汇兑来完成国与国之间债务债务的了债和国际资金的转移。
　　3.A letter of guarantee (L/G) is a written promise issued by a bank at the request of its customer, undertaking(答应) to make payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money in the event of default (不实施责任) by the principal.
　　A letter of guarantee (L/G) is a written promise by a bank at the request of its customer (the principal applicant), undertaking to payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money in the event of non-performance of the contractual obligations by the principal.
　　银行包管函（banker's letter of guarantee)，简写为L/G），又称银行包管书、银行保函、或简称保函，它是指银行应委托人的请求向受益人开立的一种书面凭据，包管请求人按划定实施条约，不然由银行担当偿付债款。
　　4.Collection means an arrangement whereby the goods are shipped and the relevant bills of exchange are drawn on the buyer, and/or documents are sent to the seller’s bank with clear instruction through one of its correspondent banks located in domicile (住所)of the buyer.
　　托收（Collection）是出口方委托当地银行根据其要求经由历程进口地银行向进口方提醒票据，收取货款的结算体例。
　　5.Factoring is the purchase of claims, arising from sales of goods, by a specialized company known as factoring company or factor, who offers primary financial services such as export trade finance(出口商业融资), maintenance of sales ledger(销售账务处理), collection of receivables(收取应收账款) and protection for buyer’s credit(买方声誉包管).
　　Factoring refers to the purchase of claim by a financial institution from a business entity who has sold goods or provided services abroad to his trade debtor whereby the factor purchases his client's account receivables, normally without recourses, controls the credit extended to importer and administers his client's bookkeeping and collection.
　　保理是指出口商以商业声誉形式出卖商品，在货色装船后立刻将发票、汇票、提单等有关票据卖断给运营保理营业的财政公司或专门构造，收进全部或部分货款，从而获得资金融通的营业。保理营业是一项集商业融资、商业资信盘问拜访、应收帐款管理及声誉危害包管于一体的新兴综合性金融效力。
　　6.Forfeiting is a business in which the banks or their subsidiaries discount(贴现) medium-term promissory notes or drafts related to an international trade transaction without recourse(无追索权). The promissory note or draft is accepted by the importer and guaranteed by an importer’s bank ensuring the holder thereof that the importer will pay it at maturity (到期).
　　福费庭营业（FoITiting）又称包买票据，系指包买商从出口商那边无追索地购买已经承兑的，并每每由进口商地点地银行包管的远期汇票或本票的营业。...