英语语法的考察重点四
四、状语从句
状语从句也是四级词汇和句法部分考察的重点之一，95年至2000年6月共设考题20题，占10百分强。就状语从句而言，重如果根据主从句的干系判定连词的利用。因此，在准备状语从句时，重要义务是弄清晰各种状语从句的连词。
1.时候状语从句的连词
默示时候的连词有when， while， as， by the time， before， after， since， till/until， as soon as，有些名词短语也可以指导时候状语从句，如the moment， the instant， each time，有些是牢固句型如：no sooner… than hardly/scarcely…when.在这些连词的利用中应留意
① as夸张同时，也默示“一边……，一边……”，while默示主句举措发作在从句的历程之中，要求从句谓语动词为状况动词或继续性动词，when的利用则比较简朴，相称于汉语的“当……时候”。如：
Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores， and this is especially true ____ it comes to classroom tests.
A.when B.since C.before D.after（1996.1）
四个选项都默示时候，但根据主从句间的干系可以判定谜底为A.
②留意when的特别句型
下列句型中when连接的不是时候状语从句，但测验中却常与别的时候状语从句的连词一块出题。
were/was doing something when…
were/was about to do something when…
had just done something when…
四级考题中不乏对上述构造的考察，如：
I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ___ I heard voices.
A.as B.when C.after D.while（1997.6）
I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave ___ something occurred which attracted my attention.
A.unless B.until C.when D.while（1996.1）
这类考题比较简朴，只需同学们清晰这一句型，谜底则天然可得。
③留意no sooner… than…。和hardly/scarcely…when句中的时态。
④留意not… until中时候状语可以提早。如
____ quite recently， most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.
A.Before B.Until C.From D.Since（1995.6）
但只需同学们可以识别not… until的句法构造，谜底也就不言而喻。
比较罕见的提后体例是将not until…。提至句首，背面用一定形式，主谓倒装。本题可以改成，Not until quite recently did most mothers in Britain take paid work outside the home.这时，句子接纳主谓倒装构造，应留意。
⑤在对名词短语做连词指导时候状语从句时，常与名词组成的别的短语相区别。如：
You see the lightening ___ it happens， but you hear the thunder later.
A.the instant B.for an instant C.on the instant D.in an instant
（1997.1）
可以指导时候状语从句的是名词the instant，而不是由其组成的介词短语。
⑥留意含偶尔间状语从句的牢固句型，如It won't be long before…和It is…since两类句型。It won't be long before可以有三个变体，即：It was（not） +一段时候 + before，It won't be +一段时候+ before.如95年6月就有对此的考察：
Scientists say it may be five or ten years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A.since B.before C.after D.when
2.缘故原因状语从句的连词
缘故原因状语从句通俗由because， since， as， now that， considering that， seeing that连接。关于表缘故原因连词自己的区别考察相对较少，重如果与别的状语从句连词的对比。如：
① ____ you are leaving tomorrow， we can eat dinner together tonight.（1999.6）
A.For B.Since C.Before D.While
② ____ that my head had cleared， my brain was also beginning to work much better.（1997.6）
A.For B.Now C.Since D.Despite
1）从以上两题可以看出，首先，同学们要根据主从句的语意干系，确定是什么状语从句，然后在举行选择。
2）留意连词的构造，如2）为Now that的搭配。
3）留意for， because， since/as的区别。通俗说来，for不默示缘故原因，其所连接的是并列句，是一种注释申明，尤其是当用功效来反证缘故原因时。如：
He must have experienced something very unpleasant， for he looks so upset.
You must try to rid yourself of your carelessness， for it often leads to errors.
4）留意指导缘故原因状语从句的还可所以considering/seeing that，其用法与since/as相通。如：
Considering that he is only a beginner， it is understandable for him to make such mistakes.
Seeing that you have come， you may as well stay here for a few days.
3.前提状语从句的连词
触及到前提状语从句的考察题良多，如时态，假造语气等。但从状语从句的不雅观点来讲，这里我们所说的是前提状语从句性质的判定和连词的选择。要求同学们首先能了解主从句之间的干系，确定是前提状语从句，然后在根据各连词的特点举行选择。如：
① I am sure he is up to the job ____ he would give his mind to it.（1998.1）
A.if only B.in case C.until D.unless
② We'll visit Europe next year _____ we have enough money.（1999.1）
A.lest B.until C.unless D.provided
③ ____ he works hard， I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.（1998.1）
A.As soon as B.As well as C.As far as D.So long as
从以上考题来看，就前提状语从句而言，同学们应掌握以下几点：
1） unless与别的连词的差异，unless默示的是If…not…的意思。
2） if only或only if是一种夸张的前提状语从句。根据if only与unless一定与否定前提的差异，可以判定①题谜底为A.
3） provided（that）默示独一的前提，相称于if and only if，on condition that，如②默示“明年只需有钱，我们就往欧洲。”
4） so/as long as默示前提时通俗与别的类似短语一同考察，如③，四个短语都可以连接状语从句，但表达意思有别，测验的目标便是考察同学们对句子的了解本领。
5）另外留意，指导前提状语从句的还可所以suppose/supposing， in case， once等。
4.让步状语从句的连词
指导让步状语从句的连词良多，但构造差异比较年夜，比较随便掌握，同学们只需能掌握各连词的构造和语义特点，准确掌握主从句的干系，让步状语从句则就不外是一块巧克力。先看一下下列各题：
① I've already told you that I'm going to buy it， ___________.
A.however much it costs B.however does it cost much
C.how much does it cost D.no matter how it costs（1996.6）
② ____， he does get annoyed with her sometimes.（2000.6）
A.Although much he likes her B.Much although he likes her
C.As he likes her much D.Much as he likes her
③ ____ the calculation is right， scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.（1999.1）
A.Even if B.As far as C.If only D.So long as
④ ____ their differences， the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.（1998.1）
A.But for B.For all C.Above all D.Except for
从以上四级真题我们可以看到对让步状语从句的考察特点：一是让步状语从句与别的状语从句的对比，如③，另一种是让步状语从句连词本身的构造功用，如①②两题。下面我们就一同来看让步状语从句的连词功用：
1） although/though连接让步状语从句，默示“虽然”，从句用直陈语序，与汉语的构造类似。
2） as指导的让步状语从句要求用倒装构造，如②题。可提至句首的著名词、底细动词、副词、描述词等。可数名词双数形式不用冠词。如：
Child as he is， he behaves like a grown-up.
Fail as he did， he was not disappointed at all.
Much as I tried， I failed to persuade him.
3） No matter +疑问词和疑问词 + ever指导让步状语从句，默示“不论谁”“不论什么时候/地点/体例”等等，从句用直陈语序。由此可以判定下面①题谜底为A.
4） For all默示让步时背面可以接从句，也可以接名词短语，后接名词时常与别的类似短语比较，如④。留意接从句：
For all that he has a master's degree， I don't think he can outdo me in many aspects.
5）别的用来指导让步状语从句的另有whether…or， even if， even though，和“动词 +疑问词+主语+模样形状动词”，如：
Say what you will， he will turn a deaf year.So it's better to keep silent.
Doubt whom you may， you shouldn't doubt me.
关键字：英语语法重点 小学四年级英语语法 英语语法 初中英语语法 高中英语语法