语法试题的烦扰项申明和答题本领四
三、模样形状动词
1. Test Yourself
首先让我们申明以下近几年模样形状动词的考题：
1） This box is too heavy， _________give me a hand？（1998.1）
A .would you mindB. would you pleaseC. will you like toD. will you please to
2） Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night， no matter what we ____ during the day.（1999.1）
A. should have doneB. would have doneC. may have doneD. must have done
3）It was very kind of you to do the washing-up，but you____ it.（1998.6）
A. mustn't have doneB. wouldn't have doneC. mightn't have doneD. didn't have to do
4） If you don't like to swim， you ___ stay at home.（1995.1）
A. should as wellB. may as wellC. can as wellD. would as well
5） You ____ him so closely；you should have kept your distance.（2000.6）
A. shouldn't followB. mustn't followC. couldn't have been followingD. shouldn't have been following
6） You ___her in her office last Friday； she's been out of town for
two weeks.（19996.1）
A. needn't have seenB. must have seenC. might have seenD. can't have seen
7） The room is in a terrible mess； it ____ cleaned.（1996.6）
A. can't have beenB. shouldn't have beenC. mustn't have beenD. wouldn't have been
参考谜底
1） B 2） C 3） D 4） B 5） D 6） C 7） A
2.模样形状动词的测试要点
从以上例题可以看出，四级语法对模样形状动词的测试年夜体有以下几点。
1）模样形状动词的根基用法，如①④⑤。
2）模样形状动词 +动词的完成形式的用法，如③⑥。
3）模样形状动词的料到性用法⑦。
3.模样形状动词的应对战略
模样形状动词的利用重要根据其所表达的含义。解题时留意以下几点：
1）模样形状动词本身构造要准确
构造包括模样形状动词本身的搭配和厥后的连带身分。除ought外模样形状动词后接底细动词，测试中常将不合构造的动词置于一同设烦扰项，如①。四个选项都与恳求有关，但would you mind后接动名词，通俗说would you like to而不是will you like to，will you please后用底细动词，谜底是would you please？
2）留意模样形状动词料到性用法中各个模样形状动词利用的句型能否与题干句型同等。
在模样形状动词的料到性用法中，must， can， may， might， could各用于不合的句型，应留意分辨。详细利用规律为：
must只用于一定句中。
can/could不能用语一定句中。
may/might不能用语疑问句中。
另外还应留意can't默示“不年夜概”，may not默示“年夜概不”。
测验时，倘使有缘故原因申明自己的预测，通俗应该must， can't用而不是may， may not.如：
He can't have stolen the money； he is not such kind of person.
Some pleasant thing must have happened to him. He is so excited.
3）留意料到性用法中谓语动词发作的时候。
如果料到的为过往的事变，模样形状动词后则用完成形式。
There must have been no one in， for nobody answered the phone.
如果料到的是正在举行的事变，模样形状动词后则用动词的举行形式。
They must be talking about something very secret.
如果料到的是现在的状况等，模样形状动词后则用底细动词
He must be badly ill. He looks so pale.
如果料到的是将来发作的事变，模样形状动词后异样用底细动词，这时，模样形状动词只能是may/might.
There may be a terrible storm in the following few days.
4）留意“模样形状动词+动词的完成形式”所表达的意思与题干意思能否符合。
别的“模样形状动词+动词的完成形式”并不默示料到，而分别默示：
could have done正本可以
He didn't take part in the competition， he _______ though.
A. won B. didn't win C. could win D. could have won
needn't have done正本没不要
You ________. There was plenty of time.
A. needn't hurry B. can't hurry
C. mustn't have hurried D. needn't have hurried
should/ought to have done正本应该
You _______ me earlier. I could have helped you.
A. should tell me B. should have told
C. need to tell D. needn't have told
shouldn't/oughtn't to have done正本不该该
You ____ him so closely； you should have kept your distance.
A. shouldn't follow B. mustn't follow（2000.6）
C. couldn't have been following D. shouldn't have been following
might have done正本应该（用来默示一种叱责）
You ______ even though you were busy at that time.
A. might help him B. must have helped him
C. might have helped him D. should help him
这类题在计划烦扰项时，通俗都会有模样形状动词料到性用法的触及，同学们应留意分词上下文的逻辑和语意干系。
5）留意常用模样形状动词的根基句法和表意功用
别的常用动词的用法，如shall默示“饬令”、“要挟”、“答应”或收罗允许，may/might as well等，同学们都应多多留意其用法。
4.自我练习
请同学们做《语法分册》第十章测试题自检。
四、倒装
倒装构造也是比较罕见的一种句式，但考察的分量不年夜，测验都有哪些特点，若何应对，首先让我们一同来看一下近几年的考题。
1.Test Yourself.
1） I could not persuade him to accept it， ___ make him see the
importance of it.（19995.1）
A. if only I could not B. no more than I could
C. or I could not D. nor could I
2） Not until the game had begun ______at the sports ground.（2000.6）
A. had he arrived B. would he have arrived
C. did he arrive C. should he have arrived
3） The organization had broken no rules， but _____ had it acted
responsibly.（19996.1）
A. neither B. so C. either D. both
4） We have been told that under no circumstances ______ the telephone
in the office for personal affairs.（1999.6）
A. may we use B. we may use C. we could use D. did we use
5） Only under special circumstances_____to take make-up tests.（1997.6）
A. are freshmen permitted B. freshmen are permitted
C. permitted are freshmen D. are permitted freshmen
参考谜底：
1） D 2） C 3） A 4） B 5） A
2.倒装测试范围和应对战略
倒装分部分倒装和全部倒装，但从近几年的测试来看，重点是部分倒装。关于倒装句型同学们所应留意的便是在哪些情况下需要倒装，并且若何倒装。留意下面罕见的倒装前提。
1）含有否定意味的词置于句首，主谓倒装。
同学们应留意常用否定词语，如：hardly， barely， not， seldom， little， few， nowhere， never， at no time， by no means， in no way， in no case， under no circumstances， not until， not only… but also……， neither… nor…等。如果是在从句的句首，则从句倒装，如4）题。
2） only +状语置于句首，主谓倒装。
Only后的状语可所以单词、短语，也可所以从句，要分外留意，从句并不倒装，而是主句倒装。如：
Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work.
3） Neither/So置于句首倒装，默示“也/也不……”，如下面的2）3）题。
4） There/here/then或做状语的地点副词和地点介词短语置于句首，要全部倒装。如：
There stands a monument in the center of the square.
Down came a light form the ceiling when he was walking across the floor.
On the hay lay a wounded boy of not more than seventeen.
5）现在分词和过往分词可提至句首组成“分词+ be +主语+别的+的倒装句式。如：
Enclosed in the letter was a photo of a beautiful girl.
Glooming in the test tube on the table was the mysterious something which they had been working so hard to find， radium.
6） so/such…。 that句型中，so +描述词/副词提早，主谓倒装。如：
So boring was the speech that the audience all left halfway.
Such a noise did they make that the neighbors could not go to sleep at night.
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