托福测验改错题常考要点及例题申明（上）Ⅲ
三、谓语动词
(一)谓语动词的主谓同等①、主谓朋分准绳
例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
A
America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
BCD
申明：C错，应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号朋分开，主语the bald eagle为双数，谓语动词也应该用双数形式。
②、与后者同等准绳
not…but,夸张but背面的名词， not only…but also③、与前者同等准绳名词+with/together with/as well as/including+双数名词，谓语用is,
中央词在背面，谓语动词应该与背面的名词连结同等
例：The athlete, together with his coach and
ABC
several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
D
申明：D错，与谓语动词与the athlete连结同等，改为is
④、就近准绳 or, either…or, neither…nor,
双数名词+or+双数名词+are
如果把句子变为通俗疑问句，也便是把be动词提到背面，那么变为is
所以留意一点：如果是陈说句，靠背面近，用双数
如果是疑问句，靠背面近，用双数
例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are
AB
amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
C D
申明：A错，应改为and。从谓语动词是双数形式判定，主语应该为双数，or连接两个名词时动词和背面的名词连结同等，behavior是用双数形式，因此只要改为并列连词and本领使主谓在数上连结同等。
⑤定语从句主语就近准绳 There are five apples that are red.
apples是双数，因此从句谓语动词是双数。
例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
A
carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
B C D
申明：D错，应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为双数，其谓语动词应为双数形式。
⑥the +描述词主谓同等 The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich默示一类人，应该用双数
⑦、倒装句的主谓同等
改错题倒装句的主谓同等通俗考两种情况： a. there be句型
there be+名词+名词，那么近来的名词决议其形式
b. between/ among放在句首+be+名词，名词实在是主语，所以be和名词连结同等
例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
ABCD
申明：there be句型由近来的名词决议其形式，society固然用双数，A错，there are改为there is
例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
AB
Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
C
miles in width.
D
申明：倒装句，are改为is
例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
ABC
Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
D
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
申明：D错，应改为films ,主语理想上是名词，应该与谓语动词连结同等。
⑧、百分比构造的主谓同等
fifty percent of +名词
one percent of +名词谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有干系，重要取决于背面的名词，好比：
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
这里要夸张两个构造 half of =fifty percent
most of +可数名词+ are
most of +不可数名词+ is
例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
ABC
found in central and eastern Canada.
D
申明：C错，应改为have been。介词of的宾语为双数名词短语，作主语的中央词half固然表双数，响应的谓语动词应为双数形式。
例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
AB
in the United States are for foods and beverages.
C D
申明：A错，应改为packages。从谓语动词用双数形式判定出主语是双数名词。留意food用双数默示不合品种的食物，beverage用双数默示不合品种的饮料，故（C）、（D）均没有错。
(二)谓语动词的时态①、重要考察时候状语
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.
A BCD
申明：Metal, aluminum同位语，in the nineteenth century为清楚默示过往时候的状语,因此应该用过往时态，把has been改为was
②、For和since的区别
区别一：For背面利用时候段，since背面利用时候点
区别二：Since只能用在现在完成时态，For最重要用在现在完成时和普经由历程往时
I has been a teacher for three years.
I has been a teacher since 1996.I was a teacher for three years.这种表达可以，for three years默示一段时候，was默示过往做了三年，现在不是西席了
例： Since 1921 the budget of the United States became
AB
the primary responsibility of the president.
C D
申明：A错，应改 In. since通俗要求主句用完成时态，而句中谓语动词为过往式，当时候状语应与之照应，故改Since为In。
例：Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of
A B C
the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.
D
申明：D错，应改为for。since指导时候状语时，主句谓语动词为通俗完成时；主句谓语动词为普经由历程往时要用介词for；并且一段时候用for,而不是since。
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.
ABC D
天然现象和客不雅观毕竟用通俗现在时态，live
(三)谓语的语态语态重要默示是主动语态照旧主动语态。有四组动词是改错题中常考的：①、prove
My advice proved to be wrong.我的发起被证明是错的
虽然是被证明，但习尚上用主动；
例：A majority of the reports received from people claiming
A
to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be
BC
mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.
D
申明：D错，应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词，如果把D了解为并列句，不但时态不对，语义也有题目，故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是准确的。
②、Locate，Situate
这两个词可以用作主动，默示把…安排在…中央；确定…的地位
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定窒碍物的地位
这两个词也可以用作主动My school was located near the river.
区分locate的主动和主动比较难，可是有一个本领存在：locate如果用作主动，背面必需跟宾语
例：The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint.
(A)locates
(B)locating
(C)to locate
(D)is located申明：空格处显然缺谓语动词，故首先拂拭不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate背面没有宾语，所以用作主动,默示“位于”，所以D为准确选项。
③、默示需要不雅观点的动词
need, want, require等
My watch needed repairing
My watch needed to be repaired.
④、默示人的感情的动词
move, annoy, surprise, please等
He is so moving.他令人感到打动。 He is greatly moved.他感到极度打动。
主动和主动本领总结：
如果句子中有一个“过往分词+by”,如果判定它是谓语的话，背面肯定有be动词
例：The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the
A
United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams,
B
power structures, and flood-control works along
C
the Tennessee River and its tributary streams.
D
申明：A错，应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知背面的谓语动词为主动语态形式。