第五节 忌讳症

　　本项中最常用的英语默示法是Contraindications，也有效Restrictions on Use（用药限制）的。
　　一、本项中触及到禁用（或慎用）某些药物的患者或某种特别情况，例如：
　　1、妊妇、妊娠期或哺乳期，小童等：
　　pregnant woman 妊妇
　　lactation 哺乳期
　　in pregnancy 妊娠期
　　children under …years of age …岁以下儿童
　　the first trimester (3 months) of pregnancy 妊娠期的最后三个月
　　2、患有某些疾病或过敏的患者，如：
　　allergic (hypersensitive) to… 对…过敏的
　　allergic (anaphylactic) reaction 过敏反响反应
　　allegy (hypersensitivity) to… 对…过敏
　　patients with… (who…) 患有…的患者
　　二、本项中常出现一些疾病称呼，例如：
　　cardiac failure 心力衰竭
　　hypertension 高血压
　　cardiac (renal) insufficiency 心（肾）功用不全
　　severe hypotension 重要低血压
　　impairment of kidney (renal function) 肾功用损伤
　　diabetes 糖尿病
　　liver (hepatic) damage 肝损伤
　　severe anemia 重要血虚
　　三、罕见句型
　　1) 省略句型，只列出忌讳工具或疾病称呼等。
　　例1. Pregnacy, allergy to methotrexate, functional disorders of liver and kidneys, diseases of the haematopoietic system (bone marrow hypoplasia, leucopenia, thrombocy - to penia, anaemia), intectious diseases, ulcers of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, recent operation wounds.
　　孕期，对氨甲叶酸过敏，肝、肾功用窒碍，血液系统疾病（骨髓机能减退、白细胞及血小板淘汰、血虚），熏染病，口腔及胃溃疡，近期术后伤口等忌用。
　　例2. Hypersensitivity to quinoiones, severerenal insufficiency.
　　对喹喏酮类过敏，重要肾功用不全。
　　2) 完整的句子或段落。其中常用的构造有：
　　contraindications are… 忌讳症是…
　　be contraindicated in (for) … 对…忌讳
　　should not be used (employed) in … 不得用于…
　　It is advisable to avoid the use of … 发起不用于…
　　must not be administered (given) to… 对…不得用药
　　should be used with caution 慎用
　　be not recommended for… 最好不用于…
　　none reported 未见报道
　　not known 不清晰
　　还年夜概有一些其他的构造。
　　例3. Cetazolin sodium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
　　前锋5号禁用于已知仇家孢菌素类抗生素过敏的患者。
　　例4. It is advisable to avoid the use of Aramine with cyclo-propane or halothane anesthesia, unless clinical circumstances demand such use.
　　如果不是临床需要，发起本品不要与环丙烷或氟溴氯乙烷镇痛剂合用。
　　例5. Do not take Benemid if prior administration resulted in hypersensitivity Benemid is not recommended for persons with known disorders of the blood or uric acid kidney stones. Do not give Benemid to children under two years of age.
　　若已往利用丙磺舒曾惹起过敏反响反应，则应禁用。已知有血液疾患及尿酸性肾结石的患者发起不要利用本品，二岁以下儿童不得服用。
　　例6. Phenothiazine compounds should not be used in patients receiving large doses of hypnotics, and should be used, with caution in patients with a history of convulssive disorders, since grand mal convulsions have been known to occur.
　　接受年夜剂量安眠药的患者不该利用吩噻嗪化合物，对有惊厥病史的患者应慎用，因为已知有发作过癫痫年夜发作生机。
　　例7. Ursosan should not be given to patients suffering from fulminant hepatitis and bile duct obstruction.
　　爆发性肝炎及胆管阻塞患者禁用熊往氧胆酸。
　　例8. This product is contraindicated in those patients who have shown hypersensitivity to it unless, in the opinion of the physician, the condition requiring treatment is life threatening and amenable only to amphotencin B therapy.
　　除非根据年夜夫的意见，以为需要医治的患者的病情危及生命，并且只要两性霉素医治才年夜概使其有所改进之外，对本品过敏的患者禁用本品。
　　例9. Children under 5 years of age should not be treated with Antistine.
　　5岁以下儿童禁用敌胺。
　　例10. The use of Alexan in nursing mothers is not recommended.
　　哺乳期妇女最好不用爱力生。
　　例11. Pregnancy: Coumadin is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnat because the drug basses through the placental barrier and may cause fatal hemorrhage to the felus in utero.
　　妊娠期禁用：喷鼻香豆定禁用于妊妇，或年夜概已有身的妇女，因为本品年夜概穿过胎盘屏障，惹起子宫内胚胎致命的出血。
　　四、在 Restrictions on use 的项目中偶尔另有小题目
　　Contraindications 忌讳症
　　Precautions (Note) 留意事变
　　Warning 告诫
　　Pregnancy and Lactation 妊娠与哺乳

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