外语寰宇

    来源：金桥翻译中央论坛

    作者：netat

    第一，翻译时留意英文的句型，英文的句型通俗来说有响应的中文译法。如It的句型的翻译：

    （1）It is＋名词十从句：

    It is a fact that…毕竟是……

    It is a question that………是个题目

    It is good news that………是好动静

    it is common knowledge………是知识

    (2) It is＋过往分词十从句：

    It is said that…听说……

    It must be pointed out that…必需指出……

    It is asserted that…有人主张……

    It is supposed that…据料到……

    It is believed that…据信……

    It must be admitted that…必需供认……

    It is reported that…据报道……

    It will be seen from ii that…由此可见……

    It has been proved that…已证明……

    It is general1y considered that…人们遍及以为……

    （3）It is＋描述词十从句：

    It is necessary that…有需要……

    It is likely that…很年夜概……

    It is clear that…很清晰……

    It is important that…重要的是……

    (4) It＋不及物动词十从句：

    It follows that…由此可见……

    It happens that…正巧……

    It turned out that…功效是……

    第二，留意英语主动句的翻译。英文的主动句常常用汉语主动句表达，如：You are requested to give a performance

    英文的主动句译成汉语的主动句：请你给我们扮演一个节目。英文中主动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意义的句子来表达。常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、“为…所”等等。例如：What is feared as failure in American society is，above all，loneliness.（在美国社会中作为失落败而为人们所惊骇的，莫过于伶仃了。）

    第三，留意长句的翻译。

    首先不要被长句吓住，即便是很长的句子，也是由最根基的身分组成。申明句子的根基身分，主语、谓语、宾语、状语。抓住主干部分，然后逐次申明各词意思以及相互间的逻辑、语法干系，再举行翻译。值得留意的是干系分句的翻译。干系分句重要功用是作名词（词组）的后置润色语（即定语），但除作名词润色语外，干系分句还可起其他感化，好比起状语分句和并列分句的感化，因此译成汉语时要留意，限制性干系分句翻译时因为英文置于名词后，汉语则将其置于先行项（antecedent）的前边，使其译成带有“的”字的定语句子，如：I want a wife who will work and send me to school.（我想要个既能义务又能送我上学的老婆）。有的句子过长，前置会显得负担，或不符合汉语的习尚，如许我们翻译时将从句后置，把它翻译成跟主句平行的并列句。如：I want a wife who will not trouble me with a wife's duties but a1ways listens to me.（我想要个老婆，她不会以老婆的义务来打扰我，而是一直苦守于我。）

    非限制性干系分句和它的先行项之间有比较松散的干系。就其意义下去说，在句子中偶尔相称于二个并列分句，偶尔在语义上起状语分句的感化，翻译时可将厥后置译成并列句，例如：

    The sun warms the earth， which makes it possible for plants to grow.（太阳热和了年夜地，这才使动物有年夜概发展。）也可以完全分开主句，译成自力句。如：She was very patient towards the children， which her husband seldom was.（她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少如许。）

    Exercises： Put the following into Chinese:

    ①It is reported that they have found another star.

    ②It happens that I have my check-book with me.

    ③It is likely that he will succeed.

    ④It is a question that we arrive before l0 o'clock.

    ⑤She was advised to take the medicine。

    ⑥she told me that a big reservoir was being built in her hometown.

    ⑦I'll never forget the day when l came to the University.

    ⑧Yesterday I saw a wonderful film， which was about World War II.

    Key to the exercises：

    ①据报道，他们又发明了一颗星。

    ②正巧我带着支票簿。

    ③很年夜概他将乐成。

    ④我们必需十点钟前到达是个题目。

    ⑤她被奉劝吃药。

    ⑤她通知我她的故乡正在制作一个年夜型水库。

    ⑦我将永久不会忘失落我来这所年夜学的那一天。

    ⑧昨晚我看了一部出色的片子，是关于二次世界年夜战的。

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