英语阅读根基功—长难句过关之分开构造
Exercise
I plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street.
The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.
With rock,illusion of shared feelings, bodily contact and grunted formulas, which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond the speech, are the basis of association.
要点：让步状语though not again at 10 Downing Street被插进语she reminded me所分开。并且该让步状语是一个省略的构造，全句应为though（it will） not（be）again at 10 Downing Street.还应看出让步状语所通报的意思恰是插进语的宾语所要通报的意思。 she reminded me（it will not be again at 10 Downing Street）。省略和插进的利用使全句的意思得以很好地衔连续接、构造紧凑，无多余的身分。
参考译文：我计划不久和她在英国见面，不外她提醒我地点不再是唐宁街十号了。
要点：此句话的主谓被很长一段定语身分所分开，句子主干应是“The cessation...is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family”，因为主干中的is前没有逗号分开，并且背面又出现了一个is imminent，还因为同主语The cessation拉开的隔断太远，所以不随便很快找到。When背面的部分如果不留意很随便错误地了解为一个句子，即“The cessation...means to prolong the life of body.”理想上means是个名词，意为“体例，手腕”，不是动词“意味着”。并且means背面有个描述词extraordinary作定语，不年夜概是动词，虽然意思上说得通。when指导的状语从句里带了一个定语从句that biological death is imminent，它们一同插进了主语和谓语之间。把means错当动词和状语带定语的插进使得整句的构造庞大化了，致使主干句的主谓不随便看出来。
参考译文：在有不可辩驳的证据表明病人即将进进心理灭亡时，防止接纳极度步伐来耽误其生命应该由病人和（或）其嫡系亲属来作出决议。
要点：主干构造应是illusions...,...contact and ... formulas are the basis of association,但理想上这个主谓构造被一个长定语 which are supposed ...beyond the speech所分开。定语 which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond the speech所限制的词应该是illusions...contact and ... formulas三个部分，而不是某一个词。
参考译文：有摇滚乐的陪伴、共恻隐感的幻觉、身段的打仗及惯用的嘟囔话语---这统统包括着良多说话之外的意义，组成了人们相互来往的基础
Exercise
But the invalid（病弱的人） who, forgetful of self, takes a strenuous（强烈热闹的） and indestructible（刚强的） interest in everything and everybody, as she did, and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing, is a formidable（难关于的） adversary（对手） for disease.
Although her characters were portrayed in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another.
The described dichotomy is clearly part of a much wider one:civilization fall apart yet their component societies live on; societies disintegrate but their citizens survive; individuals die while their cells, perversely, still metabolize; finally, cells can be disrupted yet the enzymes they release may, for a while, remain active.（看上往很长，实在构造要比背面两句简朴些哦）要点：此句因为表达的意思条理多，含义笼盖面年夜，因此构造比较庞大，但仍能找出主干构造。句子的主干构造是：the invalid...is a formidable adversary for disease,其他的部分都是润色身分。 forgetful of self是一个插进身分，把定语从句who takes a strenuous and indestructible interest in everything and everybody的主语和谓语部分分开开来。as she did也是一个插进身分，其感化同forgetful of self一样，对整个定语从句做润色。"and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing"是一个定语从句，它同who takes...everything and everybody是平行构造，其感化也是限制the invalid，因此the invalid一共带了两个定语从句，两个插进语，组成较为庞大的句子构造。
译文：可是一个身段有病的体弱的人，只需忘失落自己，像她那样对统统事物和全部的人都有强烈热闹而刚强的快乐喜爱，并且生平不知愁怨为何物，那么关于病魔他便是强敌。
要点：这是一个主从复合句。reflected的宾语是her profound conviction.that no human could be ... of another是 conviction的同位语从句。该从句也是一个主从复合句。by the often tragic outcome of their lives是状语，申明reflected。by在此处的意思是by means of。 often是副词，润色描述词tragic。因为reflected的宾语过场，所以把by短语插在reflected和它的宾语之间，功效使reflected和它的宾语被分开。
译文：如果幸福是建立在另一团体的痛苦之上，那就没有人会有幸福，她的这种深切信心全都反应在一些人生终局每每都很凄惨的人物身上，固然她笔下的人物出现在多种多样的背景和情节当中。
要点：在本句中，冒号背面的四个分句是并列的分句，用来申明冒号背面的主句的意思。
译文：下面所描绘的对灭亡的二分法显然不外是一个范围更年夜的二分法的一部分罢了：整个文明社会崩溃了，而其组成部分还继承存在；社会崩溃了，而其中的平正易近还糊口生活；人去世了，而身上的细胞仍然倔强地举行推陈出新；末了，细胞去世了，而细胞释放出的酶还能临时连结活性。

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